Set of 32: The Loss of the Titanic

Front:
The Loss of the IHM STAR INE White Star Liner "TITANIC" Which sailed from Southampton on Wednesday, 10th April 1912 and was totally lost off Newfoundland on Sunday night (April 14) A special collection of 32 original photographs, illustrations and news reports O The Illustrated London News SUPPLEMENT TO THE SPHERE, APRIL. 20, 1912] Section Lost White Star Liner, "Titanic." of TO THE 01 EA DOCK SECTION OF WALL SOUTHAMPTON WATER THE SPHERE MASS CONCRETE RETAINING WALL FOREST AIL VAN STOP OF WALL DRY DOCK MAIL VA Colex klocko FLOOR CLAY OR PASSENDER FIRST CLASS LOUNGE LUGGAGEY VANS FIRST CLASS DINING SALOON SECOND CLASS LIBRARY THIRD CLASS PUBLIC ROOMS SECOND CLASS DINING SALOON FIRST SECOND AND THIRD CLASS AND STEWARDS. THIRD CLASS DINING ROOM GYMNASIUM HOW THE SEVEN DECKS WERE ARRANGED ON THE "TITANIC SWIMMING POOL, BAGGAGE, RACQUET COURT AND THIRD CLASS DEPTH OF WATER AT LOW TIDE 35 FEET DOCK MUD DRAWN BY G. TORRANCE STEPHENSUN The view shows the vessel in dock at Southamp:on. Her double bottom is shown (white) in section. The description of the uses of each deck is given on the right-hand side. One of the boats on each side is not in this view. The vessel carried sixteen-eight on each side-capable of holding sixty-five persons each SUPPLEMENT TO THE SPHERE, APRIL 27, 1912] THE SPHERE DIAGRAM V.-THE LAST 12 els carrying Products of combustion Main Bailers Airon auxily Machiner ventilation Funne LERS SPACE OCCUPIED BY PHASE: The "Titanic" Like a Finger of Fate Above the Water. SPACE OCCUPIED RECIPROCATING TURBINE ENGINES "SHE SLOWLY TILTED STRAIGHT ON END" ix WATER LINE DRAWN FOR "THE SPHERE" BY G. H. DAVIS Mr. Beesley writes: "She slowly tilted straight on end with the stern vertically upwards. As she did so the lights in the cabins and the saloons, which had not flickered for a moment since we left, died out, flashed once more, and then went out altogether. At the same time the machinery roared down through the vessel with a groaning rattle that could have been heard for miles. It was the weirdest sound surely that could have been heard in the middle of the ocean. It was not yet quite the end. To our amazement she remained in that upright position for a time, which I estimate as five minutes." Several accounts mention that prior to sinking the vessel appeared to be "hog-backed," that is, the centre was apparently higher The bending of the hull would probably take place between the two great weights of the boiler section and the engine sect.on. portion of the picture he will obtain an impression of the actual scene than the bow and stern. If the reader covers the lower MAY 11, 1912) 15A How one Gets On to the Deck After a Collision: The Way the Passages on on the Big Liners are Constructed. CROWS NEST 3rd CLASS SPIRAL STAIRCASE ST CLASS PROMENADE OPEN BULKHEADL STAIR DECK MOTOR CARS BAGGAGE CARGO ETE BRIDGE HATCH WATER TIGHT BULKHEAD The above diagrammatic view shows a highly important section of the big liner in view of the The main way on to the present situation. upper decks is up the grand staircases with which the first-class passengers are familiar. The third-class exits are through emergency doors THE SPHERE STARBOARD BOATS WHEEL HOUSE elbsED BULKHEAD FF FFIERIFF 00 WATER LINE SQUASH RACQUET COURT STAIRCASE immar Ad ddie Jaa der'corat dabere Apartman APEWE Fird DOUBLE VIDE BULKHEAD FANS 3 CLASS PASSAGE BOTTOM LASS FOFFICERST QUARTERS BOLK HEA BULKHEAD BcWATER TIGHT DOOR BOILERS FADING TO MA'N STAIRCAS Evidence of 2nd Officer C. W. Lightoller (N. Y. "World" Report) 9. Were these any other passengers on that deck? A. Not that I saw that time Did you see any alterwards? A. No, sir Have passengers the right to go on that deck from below? A. Every tight No restraint at the staircase? A. None Was that true as to the steerage?, A. The steeroge have no right up there Did they on that occasion ?, A, Oh yes No restraint? A. Oh, absolutely musc CAN ONE LOSE ONE'S WAY ON A BIG LINER IN AN EMERGENCY? BULKHEAD WITH WATER TIGHT DOOR BOILERS DOOR MAIN STAIRCASE TAVIS 333 100 STAIRS 125 STOKERS ESCAPING SLAMMING DOWN DOORS BEHIND THEM BOILERS DRAWN BY G. M. DAVIS shown near the space marked, elevators. The stairway shown nearer the bow leads only to the third-class promenade deck, which is cut off from the rest of the ship by the gleaming white wall of the bridge. The view also shows the position of water- tight doors in the lower section of the vessel d 2 APRIL 27, 1912) THE SPHERE CABIN 7835 THE AFTERMATH OF SORROW: How the Tragedy Came Home to Many a Householder in Southampton. AMERIC GENERAL OFFICES BUB Fax $#*** ***** *** De 30 ***** 14 ***** *ME BLAKE W.WHITE LINDSEY ***** PEARCE GARNASY NOSS PATESY STREET HUNT FERNAS THRASHER STARENAR WIN KYORIS KINDLY inai Ben Bene Keapis OLIVER BY**** GR DEAN Gras** PERRY DONA SCATA ****** PRASHA S.TAYLOR ************ WHITAYLOR 54% W J.HAINES H.BAILEY WERYERSON JW GIBBONS THE SCENE OUTSIDE THE WHITE STAR OFFICES AT SOUTHAMPTON MISS RDWABURRAGE RESTAURANT Miss SSTAP SH.PHILLAMIN NRS K. GOLD J.CWILGER MRS ELEATR ANNA O'BRIEN MRSA,MARTIN MONTHORA MISS M.SLOAN BOLOS CRED W SEWARD J.CHAPMAN CANDREWS et DALY VIOSON 71 H.M.P. DRAWN FOR "THE SPHERE" BY H. M. PAGET A scene outside the White Star offices at Southampton as witnessed by our artist, who visited the grief-stricken town last Saturday. There was a painful contras: between delight and blank despair as anxious relatives or friends of those who had sailed on the "Titanic" recognised the long-sought names posted up on the official list while others sought in vain. Not until the board containing the last fateful list of survivors had been removed did the devoted watchers leave the offices. Over 600 relatives of drowned members of the crew attended a memorial service in St. Mary's Church on Sunday. It is estimated that there are fully 2,000 dependents of the crew in the town SUPPLEMENT TO THE SPIERK, APRIL. 20, 1912) The GREATEST WRECK in the WORLD'S HISTORY The LOSS WHITE STAR LINER, "TITANIC." Which sailed from Southampton on Wednesday, April 10, and was totally lost off Newfoundland on Sunday night (April 14) LIE Length, over all Breadth, extreme Total height, from keel to navigating bridge - Gross tonnage Displacement (tons) - 20 882 ft. 9 in. 92 ft. 6 in. 104 6. 46,382 60,000 THE SPHERE NOW LYING TWO MILES DEEP IN THE ATLANTIC-THE "TITANIC" (TONNAGE 60,000) Some idea of the tremendous size of the "Titanic" Horse-power of reciprocating engines - Sha.t horse-power of turbine engines - Speed (knots) may be conveyed by the following Fgures: Value of the ship Value of the carce 30,000 16.000 22 A-H £1,250,000 £1,000,000 She had accommodation for 750 frst-class passengers, 650 second-class, and 1,200 third-class, and her crew was reckoned at 860, of whom 65 were attached to the navi- galing department, 320 to the engineers der artment, and 475 to the stewards". The redder of the vessel weighed 101: tons with a length of 78 t. 8 in. A 15-1on anchor held her at her moorings. Total height, over 100 k. SUPPLEMENT TO THE SPHERE, APRIL 27, 1912) THE SPHERE TERED THE LUXURY OF THE "TITANIC." THE READING AND WRITING ROOM ON BOARD THE "TITANIC" NOW IN THE DEPTHS OF THE ATLANTIC The size and equipment of the Titanic was such that it was not easy for the minds of the passengers to quickly realise that the warm, beautiful rooms in which they had been spending a pleasant evening or the cabins in which they were enjoying the first hour of sleep would soon be sinking beneath them. Everything was at first quite leisurely. Colonel Gracie says that when the vessel struck "the passengers were not alarmed, but joked over the maller, The few who appeared on deck had NUMBER OF PERSONS RESCUED FROM THE "TITANIC" First class- Second class Third class Crew Officers Total number of saved Number of persons who lost their lives 202 115 178 206 iii 705 1.635 taken time to dress properly." Several of the male survivors were in the smoking-room at the time It was probably the of the contact with the berg. There would fullest public room at the moment. also probably have been one or two quiet readers sitting in the room shown above, scanning the pages of a novel before turning in. There had been music and singing during the evening. There were then 2,340 persons on board; of these no fewer than 1,635 perished. ● WHERE SOME SECOND AND THIRD CLASS PASSENGERS ON THE "TITANIC" HAD THEIR QUARTERS The Stern and Sun Deck of the THE SPHERE "Titanic" The second-class accommodation on the Titanic was far superior to the first-class on many ships. The view shows two of the electric cranes on the vessel HOLDING UP OF THE "OLYMPIC"-THE VESSEL SURROUNDED BY NEW YORK TUGS U IN THI11 [MAY 4, 1912 The "Olympic" in the Harbour Never Reached by the "Titanic" The Olympic, sister ship to the Titanic in almost every detail, is here seen in New York Harbour, to which the Titanic was making when she collided with the iceberg SUPPLEMENT TO THE SPHERE, APRIL 27, 1912] DIAGRAM II.-Scraping Past the Berg. First Class Corrid Bath Rooms Class Companion way Class Lounge Water Line Private Suite Promenade Boiler Room THE SPHERE Promenade SETOOR econd ICEBERG From 50 to 100 feet according to various accounts Starboard port holes DRAWN FOR "THE SPHERE" BY G. TORRANCE STEPHENSON "THROUGH THE PORTHOLES WE SAW ICE RUBBING AGAINST THE SHIP'S SIDES" Mr. Beesley (sce full account on opening page of this issue) states that on reaching deck he talked with the few other passengers about. "They had noticed the jar a little more. and looking through the window had seen a huge iceberg go by close to the side of the boat. They thought that we had just grazed it with a glancing blow and they had been to see if any damage had been done. None of us, of course, had any conception that she had been pierced below by part of a submerged iceberg. The game of cards was resumed, and without any thought of disaster I retired to my cabin to read until we started again. I never saw any of the players or the onlookers again." The quotation beneath the picture is from an account written by thre: French survivors. Only the height of the berg is suggested here. The length was very considerable 72 Rastan The Personal Side of the "Titanic" Disaster. Lady Duff-Gordon (Madame Luelle) Who was rescued and has given a vivid account of her experiences ady Duff-Gordon, who left in one of the last some of the remaining passengers by the time her boat was lowered. Everyone seemed to be rushing for that boat. A lew men who crowded in were turned back at the point of Captain Smith's revolver, and several of them were felled before order was restored. I recall being pushed towards one of the boats and being helped in. R.N.R., com- mander of the Carpathia, is a son of the late James Rostron, Astley Bridge, Bolton, Lanes. He The Young Wireless Operator who Assisted Phillips, the Chief Operator, During the Crisis Mr. Bride, like most of the operators on beard ships, is quaile young. He assisted Phillips very efficiently during the critical hours on the Titanic was educated at the Bolton High School and the Bolton Church Institute, and later went on board the Concay, naval training ship in the Mersey. He was taken into the service of the Cunard company and for a long time was chiefly employed in the Mediterranean. He is an officer in the Royal Naval Reserve and recently got his commission as commander in the R.N.R. 1le has decorations for long service and the King's medal for his safe conveyance of troops to South Africa during the South African War. Captain Restron is com- paratively young-forty-three years. THE SPHERE On the Bridge at the Moment of Contact Mr. Murdock was the officer in charge at the moment the Titanic encountered the ice flee. He was not rescued, and the water of his death is at present uncertain Mr. B. Guggenheim One of the American millionaires lost on the Titanic. He was the fifth of the seven sons of Meyer Guggenheim and a member of the fausots family of bankers, miners, and smelters, Mr. Gugenheim was born in 1863 Mr. J. Wesley Woodward The 'cellist of the Titanic's band, which at first played merry tunes to keep up the passengers' courage and then finally played "Neater, my God, to Thee" as the vessel sank with them. They played on until the inrush of water swept over thems Eilts & Hary Mr. Bruce 1smay, Chairman of the International Mercantile Marine Who was raved from the Titanic Notable Men on the "Titanic" Captain Archibald Butt, military aide to President Taft Mr. Charles M. Hays, president of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railroad, with his family APRI. 27, 1912 Mr. Benjamin Guggenheim of the mining brotherhood Mr. George Widener, American millionaire of Phila- delphia, and his son, Harry (see p. 84) Mr. F. D. Millet, the noted, artist (see p. 79). Mr. and Mrs. Isidor Straus Mr. J. Thayer, vice-president of the Pennsylvania Rail- road Mr. Henry B. Harris, American theatrical manager Colonel Washington Roebling, the American engineer Mr. Jacques Futre'le, nove'ist and journalist Letlavette Lady Rothes, Saved from the "Tilanie" She has been resting at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in New York after landing from the Carpathia he The during the bours in the hoats. Countess of Rothes showed great courage An A.B. of the Titanic says: "There was a woman in my boat as was a woman. She was the Countess of Rothes. I was one of those who was ordered to man the boats, and my place was in No. 8 boat. There were thirty-five of us in that boat, mostly wonten, but some men along with them. I was in command, but I had to row and I wanted someone at the tiller. When I saw the way she was carrying herself and heard the quiet, deter- mined way she spoke to the others I knew she Mr. in the Titanic orchestra, was formerly in the Eastbourne municipal band and afterwards joined the Duke of Devonshire's Eastbourne orchestra. He was on board the Olympic when that steamer collided with 11.M.S. Haiekte. His portrait is given at the head of the page. Managing Director of Messrs, Harland and Wolff, the Builders of the "Titanic," Not Rescued Mr. Andrews was another of the high officials intimately concerned with the forrunes of the Titanic. He was on board, but is not among the survivors was more of a man than any we had on board, and I put her in command. I put her at the tiller, and she was at the tiller when the Carpathia came r." Several ladies proved along five hours later." themselves to be efficient oarsworfen, The Captain who Rescued the 705 Survivors Captain Arthur Henry Rostran, R.N.R., is commander of the Carpathia. He immediately steamed towards the Titanic and eventually rescued the 705 passengers 76 NORT H The Lost Titanic" : Where She Lies in the Atlantic. szimppi Ret AMERICA Bey York Cubu Jamaica Π΄ΤΗ AMERICA Rio de Janeiro Haj faxx Bermudas 3000 to 4000 Fathoms THE SPHERE LADRADOR BASIN. Comm ommander W. Caius Crutchley in his very read- able volume, My Life at Sea, just published by Chapman and Hall, tells some interesting experiences among ice: When navigating in high or com- paratively high southern latitudes there is always a possibility of encountering ice in large or small quantities. There are, of course, certain localities where there is a greater likelihood of meeting it than other For instance, as a very unusual occurrence icebergs have been seen from the Cape of Good Hope itself; but no one would ever expect to see them there again or take precaution against them in foggy weather. In the austral summer and autumn months there is a greater possibility of seeing ice anywhere than at any other time, and again in the winter months you occasionally come across stray bergs that have got out of their properly recogniseit course and are wandering about aimlessly, a nuisance to everyone. Such an example of ice out of place may be found in Dana's Tuv Years Before the Mast, DE-1500 Fathoma Rac 1000 to 200 MARE BASIN TITANIC NORTH ATLANTIC 23:00 to 3000 Pathoma 2,000 to 3,000 Fathoms 1,000 to 2000 Fathoms 2000 to 4.000 Fathoms 2,000 to 4.000 111 WEST AZORES TRENCH CAPE VERDE BASIN Cape Verda Ir. Fathoms where he relates his experience in the montit of July off the Hora. I should think that occurrence was quite abnormal, but it is mentioned to show that there is never anv certainty as to where ice may or may not be, and in thick weather a master has to decide whether the risk of ice is such as to justify him in taking precautions which will lengthen the time of his passage. "Now in the matter of navigating in a fog there are certain rules laid down by which you will be judged by a court of law if you come to grief, but those rules apply principally to those waters where vessels do mostly congregate, although as far as I know they are applicable everywhere. Generally speaking the rule is that in a log, mist, or falling snow all vessels are to proceed at a moderate 'speed, which brings about some absurdities. "Down south, of course, the danger of collision with ships was infinitesimal: with ice it was another matter. and 1 consequently resolved in my own mind EASTERN AZORES Madera Canary 1000 to 2,000 Fathoms TRENCH 2000 to 3,000 Fathoms NARROW ESCAPE FROM ICEBERGS : 3,000 to 4.000 Fathoms chaypare : WEST AFRICAN BASIN BAYE BISCAY [APRIL 27, 1912 ENGLISH gr BRITISH ISLES DIAGRAMMATIC VIEW OF THE BED OF THE ATLANTIC SHOWING WHERE THE "TITANIC" LIES All the water has been removed, and we see only the awesome kollows and profundities of the naked bed of the North Atlantic Ocean. In the centre are the ridges, so well known to occanographic students. On each side of this bridge are more or less corresponding depths. The "Titanic" is understood to be lying on the 1,000 to 2,000 fathom shelf, which actually is several miles wide, but has to be rendered here as a comparatively narrow shelf THE BRIDGE FROM WHICH THE BRAVE CAPTAIN SMITH ISSUED HIS LAST ORDERS Captain Smith's bridge had, besides the central charthouse, two other shelter houses, one at exch en. One of these is indicated by an arrow. directed the vessel's approach and departure from port FRICA EUR G DRAWN BY G. BRON By Commander W. Caius Crutchley. that if I could not see I should either go full speed or stop. Oa one occasion half-way across the Indian Ocean a dertse fog came on. I had seen no ice, nor had l any particular reason to suppose I should do so, but the fog was dense, so much so that I could not sre either end of the ship from the bridge. I did not like to stop, but eventually about eight p.m. I stopped the engines and lay all night without moving. Though, it is needless to say, I had rum before in a fog scores of times, on this occasion I did not do so, nor could I give any deánite reason for my action. But when daylight came and the fog blew away we saw around us at various distances a dozen or filteen big icebergs. Of course we might have passed them safely, but, on the other hand, had a difference of opinion as to right of way taken place between us we should probably have added one more to the mys- teries of the sea. I ran down to one of those bergs to see if I could get an echo from the steam whistle. The echo was quite perfect." From these he observed and THE SPHERE THE MECHANISM BY WHICH THE BOATS WERE LOWERED. [SUPPLEMENT TO THE SPHERE, APRIL 27, 1912 A PAIR OF THE WELIN DAVITS ON BOARD THE "TITANIC" The Welin davit, which was fitted to the "Titanic" and is also found on a large number of the latest type of passenger liners, is the ingenious invention of Mr. Axel Welin. The davit is carried over the side by turning the sun-metal worm, seen in the centre of the picture. The bottom of the quadrant is a cug which, working on a base point, forms a double action, thus throwing the davit outwards to its extreme limit in a matter of moments. The old-type davit has to be completely turned in two operations which take a considerable amount of time R. Welch, Belfast ta The Gymnasium on the "Titanic" One could ride on a mechanically-worked saddle or exercise oneself as if in a racing skiff viii THE SPHERE DIAGRAM IV.-THE LOWERING OF THE BOATS. A DECK 70 feet above the water [SUPPLEMENT TO THE SPHERE. APRIL 27, 1912 B. DECK from which many of the women were taken into the boats TITITI 100000 BRITISH DRAWN FOR THE SPHERE" BY JOHN DUNCAN HOW THE BOATS WERE LOWERED DOWN THE STEEL WALL OF THE "TITANIC "-COMPARED WITH A CITY OFFICE BUILDING By the immediate juxtaposition of a City office building to the side of the "Titanic" it is possible to realise the problem which the increasing height of liners has brought about. In the case of the "Titanic," owing to the darkness, one boat nearly alighted on top of another. Mr. Beesley's account runs thus: "Stop lowering 14, our crew shoule, and the crew of No. 14, now only 20 ft. above, cried out the same. The distance to the top, however, was some 70 ft., and the creaking of the pulleys must have deadened all sound to those above, for down she came 15 ft., 10 ft., 5 ft.-and a soker and I reached up and touched the bottom of the swinging boat above our heads. The next drop would have brought her on our heads. Just before she dropped another stoker sprang to the rope with his knife open in his hand. One, I heard him say, and then two, as the knife cut through the pull y rope. The next moment the exhaust stream carried us c'ear, while boat No. 14 dropped into the water, taking the space we had occupied a moment before. Our gunwales were almost touch ng MAY 4, 1912) 424 Ships which Might have Rescued Everyone on the "Titanic" if Events had only Been a Little Different. EXTREME RANGE OF WIRELESS INSTRUMENTS OF THE TITANIC CAPE RACE HIRMAY 100 MILES SOUTH WEST DE SINKING P PARISIAN 100 MILES FROM TITANIC RANO *********** MOUNT TEMPLE WIRELEST SELGRAPHY THE SPHERE 2007/200 **** MOUT 50 MILES FROM TITANO DEVERATI MYSTREIDU SCHOONEg REPORTED BY MOUNT TOM +++++ PRANKFURT RELESS SAME POWER VIRGIRIAN In those fatal hours when the Titanic was slowly sinking it has been proved that she was surrounded by a number of steamers. One ship, the Californian, of the Leyland line, lay in the same ice field as the ill- fated ship, only 19 miles away, but her engines were stopped and her wireless operator not on duty and so never knew of the disaster until too late. Again, two miles south of her was a tramp steamer not fitted with wireless whose name cannot at present be discovered. Thirty-two miles south was the Carpathia, the first vessel to reach the grave of the Titanic and to rescue the survivors. South of her was the North German Lloyd boat, Frankfurt, and one hundred miles south-west of the wreck the Russian steamer, Birma. North of the Russian the Canadian Pacific steamer, Mount Temple, was fifty miles in a direct line from the Titanic, but separated from her by the great ice floe that proved so SICE FLOES ICE FLOES & DOZENS OF LARCE ICEBERGS Icelony POSTS LONG (A MILES WID SOUTHERN SIMIT OF BERGS RANGE OF WIRELESS PLANT OF THE BIRMA CARTRTHIA LA MILES FROM TITANIC WIRELESS OF SAME POWER AS MOUNT TEMPLE 19 MILES FROM WEECK CALIFORNIAN ENORMULE TERD FORTHE FASTERLY SIDE OF LLOC VIRGINIAN ******* THE MYSTERY SPOD AU REPORTED BY HE CAPTAIN OF THE CALIFORNIAN DARKER SHADOW IN THE WATER REPRESENTS DRIFT OF THE CURRENY SOUTH RANGE MIRELLA PARISIAN SO THE APPROXIMATE POSITIONS OF NEIGHBOURING SHIPS AT THE TIME OF THE "TITANIC" DISASTER 109 SAME POWER BALTIC 300 MITES TO SOUTH PAST DRAWN FOR "THE SPHERE" BY G. H. DAVIS fatal to the gigantic White Star beat. A small schooner, probably fisher- men from the Banks, was also passed by the Mount Temple quite close to the scene of the catastrophe. The floe was sixty-nine miles long and twelve miles wide, and was surrounded by a mass of gigantic bergs, particularly on the fatal north-east side. Other boats in the neighbourhood were the twin sisters, Parisian and Virginian, approximately 150 to 200 miles away, whilst 300 miles to the south-east was the Baltic, and 560 miles to the west the Titanic's sister ship, Olympic. The circles upon the drawing give an idea of the range of the wireless instruments of the various ships. Only a small section of the wide radius of the Titanic's instruments can be given; the Virginian has a small range and the other vessels still weaker transmitting plant. The Birma was fitted with the De Forrest system. 70 The Need Need for The collision and loss of the Titanic seems to have been due more than any- thing to the invisibility of an iceberg at night. Even the best look-out in the bows and the finest officer using power- ful night glasses has his limits of vision on a dark night at sea, and it seems curious that a head lamp or lamps has not been habitually used by the fast liners. Even on the river Hudson the great passenger boats travelling between New York and Albany are provided with searchlights by means of which the course ahead and on either beam are illuminated all night. On the American railways the engines of the express trains are similarly provided with intensely powerful lights that illu- minate the track for a very considerable distance ahead. Unquestionably the liner should be similarly equipped. for Searchlights THE SPHERE HOW THE POWERFUL COULD HEAD LIGHT BE FITTED IN THE LINERS BOWS Ne ICEBERG HOW A LINER WOULD LIGHT UP HER TRACK & AVOID DANGEROUS OBJECTS AHEAD on Ocean ICEBERG ICEBERG EXTRA LIGHT FITTED TO THE MAST & USED IN THE DANGER ZONE [APRIL. 27, 1912 BOW Racers. 179 20 The illustrations give an idea of the manner in which powerful search- lights should be fitted to all big liners. The lights could be so housed as to protect them against wind and weather, and could either he oscillating or so rapidly revolving as to show contina- ously a great pathway of light not only directly ahead but well to port and starboard. For foggy weather extra lights would be provided constructed to penetrate as far as it is scientifically poss ble the very worst type of sea fog. Extra lights would be carried in the crow's nest on the mast for special occasions, and small craft. bergs, and the dreaded derelict would be illumi- nated in time to allow the helmsman to alter his course and avoid the datiger. Searchlights would be no more confusing of ocean liners than on Hudson boats. DRAWN FOR "THE SPHERE" BY G, H, DAVIS HOW POWERFUL HEAD LIGHTS COULD BE FITTED TO LINERS Lord Montagu of Beaulieu has made the following useful comparison: "The collision of the Titan'e seems to have been due to the invisibility of an iceberg at night. There may or may not have been fog as well, but in any case does it not seem curious that powerful searchlights are not habitually used by fast liners during darkness? Let me take a parallel from the road, When horse-drawn vehicles only travelled at ten miles an hour carriage candles, or occasionally small paraffin lamps were considered adequate, though as a matter of fact they seldom rendered driving safe on really dark nights. Now that motor cars use the roads at night at much higher speeds it has been found that better and more powerful lamps are absolutely necessary both for the safety of the car and of other road-users as well. Even with fog there are ways of lighting which are known to modern science which render an ordinary fog comparatively penetrable for some distance 99 74 THE QUESTION OF VORTEX : BOAT TWO SKVETY Vortex is a word of enormous import to the giant liner; but a short while ago it was proved that the Olympic -sister to the ill-fated Titanic - was rammed and badly damaged by the cruiser, Hawke, the cause of the collision being chielly suction, This suction is caused by the passage of the huge bulk of the liner's hull through the water, setting up a vortex, which in the ordinary meaning of the term is a whirlpool, and caused by the conflicting currents astern of the vessel. These rotate, and by so doing suck in any smaller object, and is was probably the cause of the liner, New York. breaking from ber woorings witen the Titanic was passing out of Southampton Docks at the beginning of her first and last voyage. The Theoretical View The generally - ac- cepted theory with re- gard to a vortex formed by a sinking vessel may be described thus:-- When a vessel sinks this vortex is very pro- nounced. As the ship dips below the surface the water displaced by her hull commences to whirl in a series of eddies, and anything- as in the case of the Titanic-that may be within hall-a-mile radius would be sucked into this fatal mael- strom. At a greater distance still boats well manned would be able to fight against the suc- tion, but objects such as THE SPHERE THE EXTREME ANT VE THE PARTEX SER ABLE TO SUCK DOWN ANYTHING: OUT PROPELLING POWER BOAT BEING SAVED BY STRONG G THE MANS OF WATT SUCKING ROWN EVERY OB) XCT WICKIN MA RADW BOAY OFING SUCKFO INTOS VOSTER SINKING MUTE The Theoretical View of Vortex Action -Diagram Showing Danzer Limit According to Generally-accepted Theory The inner area-half a mile across-is held to be, in the case of a large liner, an area of absolute danger, everything being carried down with the swirl of the sinking vessel. passengers' experiences which appear to modify this view are given here MADLY REVOLVING WATER CAUSING BUCTION WHIRLING TER SMALL PIECE OF PAPER SUCKED PRWAY OF VORTEX How Far the Action of Suction and Dis- turbed Water Extends. SLOWER REVOLUTIONS BERTO THE WRECK SINKING TOWARDS THE OCEAN BED ABOVE IS THE MASS OF TURBULANT, WATER CAUSED BY THE VORTEX WHICH IS SUCKING ALL THE WRECKAGE BOATS, BODIES RIGHT DOWN WITH THE SHIP TO THE BOTTOM. SHAVIE Drawn for THE SPHERE by G. H. Davis How Objects are Drawn Down with a Sinking Vessel According to the generally-received principle of vortex action HORTS OUT OF DANGER SPIRAL MOTION PRACTICALLY CEASED Drawn for THE SPHERE by G. H. Davis How Vortex Action can be Easily Studied-A Simple Experiment APRIL 27, 1912 Some of the Titanic's rafts, human beings supported by lifebuoys, wreckage, etc., would be inevitably sucked down, and at even a yet greater range the pull would be felt for a short while, rapidly diminishing as the huge wreck sunk lower, but even as she went downwards all the ill-fated boats, etc.. would be still whirling above her right unti! she finally rested upon the bottom stationary and thus stopped the vortex and released the objects that she had sucked with her to ber doom. WATER LINE The Experiences of Passengers on the "Titanic" How far does this view fit the case of the Titanic? We now know that a considerable num- her of chairs and other light wreckage was dis- covered floating on the sea when the Carpathia arrived. Numberless human bodies were also floating in close proxi- mity to the spot where the Titanic sank. Then we also have the case of Colonel Archibald Gracie, an officer of the United States Army. He was holding on to a brass rail on the upper part of the vessel when it took its final plunge. He was forced to let go and was swirled round and round for what seemed an interminable time, but eventually he came to the surface unhurt and managed to seize hold of a floating grating and gradually recovered his breath. AN EASY WAY OF DEMONSTRATING THE WORKING OF THE VORTEX BY DRAWING SPOON ACROSS A TROUGH OF WATER SUCTION CAN BE CLEARLY SEEN CAUSED BY THE SWIRLING WATER & THIS WAS THE PROBABLE OF THE HAWKE- OLYMPIC COLLISION 2 THE NARROWLY AVERTED ACCIDENT TO THE ILL FATED TITANIC AT SOUTHAMPTON. CAUSE SUPPLEMENT TO THE SPHERE, APRIL. 27. 1912) THE WRECK WRECK of the "TITANIC." The Story Told by "Sphere" Diagrams in a Special Twelve-page Supplement THE SPHERE "SAVE" :₁ "OUR " "SOULS" "SOS." the new international call for help at sea, is shown above. The signal sent consists of three dots, three dashes, and again three dots in the Morse code "COME" "QUICKLY "DANGER" Above are given the new and the older methods of summoning a'd at sea by wireless telegraphy. The "SOS" signal is known to the operators as the "Save our souls "CQD." an equally arbitrary selection of letters, was described as the "Come quickly-danger" signal message, while the A LAST VISION OF THE "TITANIC" BY NIGHT-AN IMPRESSION AT CHERBOURG The "Titanic" after sailing from Southampton put in at Cherbourg to pick up her European passengers. This view gives a very good impression of the vessel during her one and only visit to the French port on the evening of Wednesday, April 10. Her hundreds of portholes produced a kind of shimmering gow upon the darsness of the surrounding water MAY 4, 1912] FIRST CLASS PASSENGERS SECOND CLASS PASSENGERS THE LOSS of the "TITANIC." The Results Analysed and Shown in a Special "Sphere " Diagram Drawn from the Official Figures Given in the House of Commons THIRD CLASS PASSENGERS TOTAL PASSENGERS CREW TOTAL PASSENGERS & CREW First class Second class- Third class - Crew NUMBERS OF SAVED Per cent. 399 MEN 1,347 - 63 42 - 25 - 23 147 MEN Men Women Children 661 686 MEN ΜΕΝ MEN THE SPHERE 115 MEN Per Carried Saved cent, 173 58 34 144 139 97 5 100 202 63 322 5 WOMEN Men Women Children 81 WOMEN 15 WOMEN 53 CHILDREN 101 WOMEN 53 CHILDREN 2 WOMEN- 103 WOMEN 53 CHILDREN 13 MEN Per Carried Saved [cent. 160 13 8 Men 93 78 84 Women 24 100 Children 24 277 115 42 58 MEN 5 CHILDREN 24 CHILDREN 55 MEN 23 CHILDREN 126 MEN 139 WOMEN 78 WOMEN 21 WOMEN 189 MEN The Black Indicatos Passengers and Crew NOT SAVED, the White Indicates the SAVED The official figures given last week show that the first figures (as given in "The Sphere" of last week) were in excess of the real numbers on board by about 132. are as above. The actual numbers of the saved and lost are given above; the percentage is shown below FIRST CLASS SECOND CLASS THIRD CLASS THE CREW 52 CHILDREN 315 MEN Per -454 12 55 179 98 55 76 23 30 709 176 25 98 WOMEN 315 WOMEN 52 CHILDREN 336 WOMEN Men - Women SPECIALLY DRAWN FOR THE SPHERE" BY G. BRON Per Carried Saved cent. 875 189 23 21 898 210 22 91 23 103 The actual figures PASSENGERS AND CREW Per Carried Saved cent. Men 1,662 315 19 Women 439 336 77 Children - 105 52 49 Totals - 2,206 703 32 с ICO VESSEL STEAMING AT FULL SPEED (22 KNOTS) TIE SPHERE THE SPHERE THE SPEED OF THE GREAT LINERS: A Factor which Makes Head Lights Max & ONE MINUTE THE VESSEL AT FULL SPEED WOULD STRIKE HER DOW RIGHT TO THE CENTRE OF THE ICEBERG COVERING 744 YARDS IN THE 60 SECONDS MAY 4. 1912] 744 yds in one minute DOTTED LINES REPRESENT and Precautions Necessary. other POSITION IN THAT TIME SHE WILL HAVE, STEAMED A DISTANCE WHICH EQUALS 14 TIMES HER OWN LENGTH. ONE AND A QUARTER TIMES HER OWN LENGTH IN HALF-A-MINUTE-DOTTE CUTLINE SHOWS VESSEL'S POSITION AFTER THIRTY SECONDS' MOVEMENT OF SHIP 30 SECONDS LATER POSITION OF VESSEL AFTER 30 SECONDS THE VESSEL STEAMING AT FULL SPEED 22 LEVINS "ICEBERG RIGHT AHEAD, SIR!"IF THE OBSTACLE WERE 744 YARDS AWAY AT MOMENT WHEN SIGHTED, THE VESSEL WOULD BE UPON IT IN ONE MINUTE observing the illustrations that after the look the speed of the ill-lated "Titanic," which is will be remembered is considered a slow boat against the fyers of the Cunard line and the hind big bress of five British and German Davies with their speed of twenty-eight to thirty knots. Calculated on the lock-out men in have as will sees the other of the "Titanic may have lem salads lee dhan that ilustrated in the above diagram in of over hare length, er over 744 yarsis res in full minute, 101 THE SPHERE supposition that the vessel shown here is travelling at twenty-two knots it is found by in The 104 P. C. Taylor The Engineers The Band- W. T. Brailey J. L. Hume G. Krins W. Woodward MEMBERS OF THE "TITANIC'S" BAND WHO DIED AT THEIR POST HONOUR TO THE BRAVE: The New Way to Die. Kept the engines going until within three minutes of the Titanic disappearing. Maintained light by switching over from main to emergency dynamos fitted in dummy funnel (see "The Sphere" Supplement, April 27, p. iv). The Postal Clerks - Ship's Boys 7+0 The Pursers Thirty-six in number Eight in number Five in number in number THE SPHERE NONE SAVED - NONE SAVED NONE SAVED NONE SAVED Played on until the water was over their feet. Were chaffed by passengers, who thought the bandsmen were running to rescue their instruments, not knowing that they were hurrying to obey the captain's orders. The leader was a thorough-going Methodist. in number- NONE SAVED 21 The Stokehold Watch Eighty-four in number- EIGHT SAVED The watch consisted of fifty-four stokers, twenty-four coal-trimmers, At time of collision. and six leading firemen. Went down below a second time at request of leading fireman "to keep the boilers going." IMAY 4. 1912 W. Hartley (Leader) The mail-room was reported to be flooded at an early stage. The mail men worked steadily to get all the mail on deck with the hope of saving it. Handed the biscuit boxes into the boats and helped at loading of boats. 10 "A few minutes before the Titanic sank the pursers came to me. We all shook hands. Good-bye, old man,' they said. I said, 'Good-bye. Did none of them survive ?' 'No; all were lost. Was there any panic on board?' 'Not the slightest."-From Mr. Lightoller's evidence before Mr. Smith, April 24, 1912. 13 14 12 THE BRAVE "TITANIC" ENGINEERS-GROUP INCLUDING FOURTEEN OF THE LOST OFFICERS The group was taken when many of the "Titanic's oficers were attached to the "Olympic." The names of those who were moved to the "Titanic" and perished with her were: (1) W. D. Mackie, junior hith; (2) F. A. Parsons, senior fifth: (3) P. Sloan, senier electrician; (4) H. Jupe, assistant electrician; (5) F. Coy, junior assistant third; (6) B. Wilson, senicr assistant second; (7) L. Hodgkinson, senior fourth: (8) A. Ward, junior assistant fourth; (9) J. Shepherd, junior assistant second; (10) H. Harvey, junior assistant second; (11) H. Dyer, junior assistant fourth; (12) R. Millar, junior fifth: (13) J. Hesketh, second engineer; (14) G. F. Hosking, senior third SUPPLEMENT TO THE SEAR, APRIL 27, 1912) DIAGRAM III.-HOW THE "TITANIC" Loose floating lee "The Titanic looked enormous "The bows & bridge completely under water "TITANIC" GRADUALLY SANK BOW FIRST Boat Deck clear of boats "Sea calm as a pond There was just a gentle heave Completion of Mr. Besley's Narrative: "It was new one o'clock in the morning. The sit acht was beautiful, but as there was no morn it was tot very light. The sea was as esim as a pead. There was just a geule Leave as the beat dipred up.md down in the swell. It was an deal wigla except for the bitter rold, In the distance the Titanic and her great Lak were eatlined in black against the starry sky. Every pontole and saloon war Blazing with light. It was impr orrible to think that anyth rg could be wrong with such a levathan looked encreus. Her kath and water. V.--Vil were it not that in the water was lowest few of ponil oles. At about two o'clock we observed her rettl ng very rapuilly with the le V.) with the stern vertically aware "She slowly test straight on eml (see Diagra the did so the lights in the cabira and the salcons, which sitce we left, died cut, Bashed erce more, and then went out a'together. At the same tist had not flickered for it FIRST WITH HER LIGHTS BLAZING THE LAST. ΤΟ [SUPPENENT TO THE SrussE, APRIL 27, 1972 "The starlight night was beautiful Every porthole & asaloon was blazing with light" DIAGRAM. THE TITANIC LCOKED ENORMOUS-VINY PORTHOLE AND SALCON WAS ELAZING WITH LIGHT" chinery roared down through the weal with a greaning rat'e that could have been heard miles. It was weirdest seund serely that could have Leen heard in the middle of the ocean. It was unt yes quite the end. To our amazement the remained in that upright position for a time which Imate as five minutes. It was certainly for some minuter that we watched at least 150 ft. towering up above the level of the sea lacm ng black agy est the sky. Then with Our eyes had looked for the last time Titanic aquest s'enting dive she disappeared Leneath the waters. Stern 2nd class Section of ship "We had sixty or seventy on board UHAWN PUN -7. Matin THL SPHLNE" BY F. MATANIA on the gigantic semel in which we set out from Southampton. Then there fell an cur ears the mest appalling noise that heman being ever heard-she cries of hundreds of our fellew beings struggl og in the icy water crying for help with a cry that we knew could not be answered. We longed to return to pick up some of those who were swimm ng but this would have mext the swamping of our boat and the loss of all of us." (For opening fortion of narrative see p. 68.) APRIL 27, 1912] The Question of Pressure Upon the Sunken "Titanic." 1000 feet 3000 Feet 5000 feet 7000 feet 9000 feet THE SPHERE 11,000 feet PRESSURE Per square foot-100 Tons PRESSURE Per square foot - 200 Tons PRESSURE Per square foot-300 Tons ONE MILE TWO MILES Depth over two miles, water pressure of about 2½ tons to sq. inch or nearly 400 Tons to the sq. fool. DRAWN FOR THE SPHERE" BY G. TORRANCE STEPHENSON DIAGRAM SHOWING THE INCREASE OF PRESSURE AS THE DEPTH OF THE OCEAN INCREASES The drawing is not intended to how the actual sinking of the Titanic (which sank at first perpendicularly) but to indicate how the pressure ppon an object increases as it sinks. On the surface it encounters the 15 lb, to the square in. which we all endure day by day, but when an object falls into the water it is subjected to increasing pressure as it sinks lower and lower, Any hollow watertight space would be pressed flat, but if the object, such as a funnel of the Titanic, is penetrated by water inside and out the pressure is of course equalised and no distortion would take place. Wood is sometimes so compressed that fishes have been caught between boards clamped together with iron bands. The boards have been pressed asunder when deep in the sea, and coming together again have caught the fishes between them 73 iv Submerged shelf of leeberg DIAGRAM I.-The First Contact with the Berg. Nearly every ac. that the vessel struck at 11.45 p.m. on Sun- day night. It is diffi- cult to find out what occurred at the very moment of contact for the night had turned quite cold and all the passengers ap pear to have been below. Three French sur. vivors state that they were quietly playing auction bridge at the moment when they heard a violent noise." What shock of contact there was seems to have been absorbed by the Nearly great hull. every account suggests a gliding contact with subsequent iceberg and a scraping along the side as the iceberg passed to the stern. Maycont Wires The height of the berg may be judged from the fact that some small amount of ice appears to have actually fallen on to the deck. 4 Stern Boats Boat Deck Starboard side THE SPHERE Bilge Keal Chart Hasise Bridg Forward Bonts 1st Point of Contact with lee DRAWN FOR "THE SPHERE" BY G. BRON NO. I.-HOW THE BOW OF THE WHITE STAR LINER, "TITANIC," SLIPPED UP ON TO A SUBMERGED ICEBERG SHELF Orean Sarand Light Submerged shelf of leeberg Submerged Bulk of Iceberg [SUPPLEMENT TO THE SPHERE, APRIL 27, 1912 Balge Keel SECTION THROUGH HULL Probable positsen of the gish Bigy Kael Drawn by G. Bron The Probable Extent of the Damage to the "Titanic" Diagrammatic view showing the bottom of the Titanic. The cash along the bottom involved too many compartments for the vessel to remain afloat. The carpenter is stated to have immediately notified the entrance of water and the flooding of the mail room By the time the boats were lowered the berg had evi- dently passed out of sight, for no sur- VIVOR mentions The staff correspon dent of the New York World, who chanced to be on the Carpathia, mentions seeing a "black herg on the following day, which may have been the one with the Titanic collided. "To our north the broad ice field, the length of hen- dreds of Carpathias. stretched around us," he writes," and on either side rose sharp glistening peaks. One black berg seen about ten a.in. was said to be that which sank the Titanic." actual damage done to the Titanic appears have been all below the water-line, for a man lowered with a lantern down side could see no- thing unusual. to THE SUMPTUOUS APPOINTMENTS OF THE "TITANIC"-THE PARISIAN CAFE WITH ITS TRELLIS WORK AND CLIMBING PLANTS pers BOATS WHICH RESCUED SOME OF THE PASSENGERS SEEN TO THE LEFT OF PROMENADE DECK [MAY 11, 1912 THE SPHERE "THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN FIRST": How Pas 118 "GOOD-BYE, GOOD-BYE, MEET YOU IN NEW YORK"-A RECONSTRUCTION MADE BY THE ARTIST OF "THE Mr. F. Matania, the special artist of "The Sphere." has drawn this reconstruction of the farewell scenes on the "Teanic" point by point and detail by detail from the desertions given him by a surviving saloon steward of the Titane." The steward and vividly impressed on the steward's mind, and he was able to correct costume and grouping as the reconstruction proceeded down to the smallest detail. The Sphere artis: ast side by side at Southampton piecing the scene together. The stone was The shoe lying on the deck in no MAY 11, 1912) THE SPHERE sengers and Crew Crew Faced the Situation on the "Titanic." a samo 7. Materia 119 DRAWN EY F. MATANIA SPHERE" DETAIL BY DETAIL IN CONJUNCTION WITH A RESCUED SALOON STEWARD OF THE "TITANIC" tist's invention. The passenger in his dinner jacket stood here as shown, not wearing his lifebek bat holding it in his hand as he kissed what was to be a last farewell to his wife. There men smied to ther wives, but a closer view showed that their eyes were streaming with teart. On the Newsle ter page of this issue will be found photographic illus rations of the arist at work with the steward. The drawing was made last week at Southampton IIO No 69. Words Origin. Suation, Stamci 11.50 apriliates Ne THE LAST Sos. еда 1,505 m. from M. 4.3 We have struck iceberg sinking Position hat 41.46 N. fast come to our assistance may, & L. Bannon Howard. Jon 50 14. w Words Message Received by the "Birma" about Five Minutes after "Titanic" Struck Remarks distress Call sigo Lond THE SPHERE Ongs Suns Litanie to sos sus. Time handed No. Words. cqd cqd - msy We are sinki king fast being put into the passengers m sy L.L. benns I.G Ward. "TITANIC." Origin. Marian. Ship Remarks "ALL QUIET NOW" Captain Moore of the Mount Temple states that at 12.30 on the morning of the 15th:- I was awakened by a steward with a message from the Marconi operator of my ship to the effect that the Titanic was sending out the C.Q.D. call. He had picked up the telephones just before going to bed to see what was going on, and it was then he caught the signals from the Titanic. I blew the whistle at once and ordered the course to be laid towards the Titanic's position. I dressed and went to the chart-room. I went to the chief engineer, told him about the Titanic, and asked him to push up the fires, to wake all the extra firemen, and get them busy. I said, "If necessary give the firemen a tot of rum." One message picked up was from the Carpathia asking the Titanic if she wanted any special boat to stand by. The Titanic answered that she wanted all she could get. After the Titanic had advised the Frankfurt of her condition the Titanic sent out a second appeal to the Frankfurt saying, "Come quick." The messages grew weaker and weaker until the Titanic's operator was undoubtedly using auxiliary or storage batteries. By that time the vessel's dynamos had been rendered useless by water. The Titanic was still calling C.Q.D., and at 1.20 she got the Olympic and said, "Get your boats ready. fast by the head." Time banded in "We are only 100 miles from. you sheaming 14 khots be with No I IA DESPAIRING MESSAGES OF THE To 12.2.0m 154.12 The Frankfurt replied at 1.35, "Starting for you." Six minutes later the Titanic flashed "C.Q.D. Boilers flooded." Then came a question, "Are there any boats around you already?" To that there was no answer. Other ships then began calling but could get no answer. Later the Russian steamer, Birma, got the Olympic and reported, "All quiet now." The Titanic had not spoken since 1.47. The Carpathia at 1.20 sent a message, Are you still there? We are firing rockets." 1.40 a.m.-Birma thinks she hears Titanic. She sends, "We are coming. You are only fifty miles away. Hope you are safer I am. Carpathia calls Titanic all quiet." Words Via Cheery Reply Sent by the "Birma" to the "Titanic" Spu. SBa: J. L. Cannon. Is Ward. Origin Sevim cq may boats. Remarks Time banded 19 Going down Via 52.93W 5. Sward [MAY 4, 1912 Conner Remarka mby. Women Women and Children in annot last much longer mby. "Passengers Being Put into Boats" "Cannot Last Much Longer" These remarkably interesting documents are reproduced by kind permission of " The Daily Telegraph," who secured them from the Russian steamer, "Birma," on its arrival in port. The letters, "M.G.Y.," signify the "Titanic" 00- THE SPHERE "Titanie" Lifebont Seen from the Carpathia's" Side How the "Titanic" Survivors were Picked Up by the The Basis of the "Titanic" Hanging on the "Carpathia's " Sides [Mar 4, 1/32 "Titanic" Survivors being Waited on by "Carpathia" Passengers MAX 4, 09:2] Carpathia Collapsible Boat Containing some The People Approaching the "Carpathia" 99 A Boniload of "Titanic" Survivors. Show Bables and Women and Seamen with Oars THE SPHERE 91 Direet Photographic Pictures by Mr. J. W. Barker, a Passenger on the Carpathia." Two "Titanie" Boats Approaching the "Carpathia" Fising a Rope Step Ladder from the Boat to the "Carpathia" APRIL 27, 1912) 88 no Many touching pulpit references were made to the sinking of the "Titanic" A complete list of the "Titanic's" survivors was issued by the White Star line. An explanation of the false messages was made by the captain of the "Olymp c The Opera seison at Covent Garden opened with a performance of "Carmen Mr. D. L. Allen was lost on his flight from Hendon to Dublin The final tie for the English Cup between West Bromwich and Barnsley resulted in a draw at the Crystal Palace Events of the Week at Home In In his evidence to the American committee Mr. Crawford, the bedroom steward on the Titanic, told of the fate of Mr. and Mrs. Straus. He said that Mrs. Straus put her maid into a boat and started herself to enter. Then she walked up to her husband and said, "We have been living a number of years together. We are not going to separate now." The women in one boat found a their midst women's clothes. He owed his rescue to this disguise. They never dis- covered his name. It ain't fair, it ain't." Thus spoke one of the sailors had who manned a lifeboat contain- ing immigrant women and their children. He was disgusted that he received money whereas women of the richer class had rewarded their rowers. But he owed his life to being privileged to man a boat at all. There were two £850 suites on the Titanic. One of them was taken by Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Astor of New York, the other by Mr. and Mrs. George Widener of Philadelphia. Both men lost their lives while their wives saved. were Some of the daily news. papers have been pretty reckless in their pre- sentation of portraits of the victims of the shipwreck. One gives a portrait of Mr. James Carlton Young of Minneapolis, the famous collector of books, who is at present staying at the Savoy Hotel and never had any idea of sailing on the Titanic. Two journals give a portrait of "Master Harry Widener," aged twelve, whereas Mr. Widener was twenty-six years old at his death. NEWSLETTER. Week by Week. Germany issue-l a patriotic appeal in con- nection with German national aviation Striking evidence was given in New York at the official inquiry into the "Titan c disaster. Mr. Ismay defended his action in leaving the vessel as he did German newspapers write very pathetically of Great Britain's relations to the "Titanic Order was restored at Fez after a three- days' mutiny by soldiers ** OFFICERS SAVED NAMES COURTS RISE TO SEE ECLIPSE Che Star. HOW THE NEWS REACHED LONDONERS (C COOKE B man in THE SPHERE A BOARD OF TRADE INSPECTOR Examining lifebelts at Southampton TIME STORY OF TITANIC" DISASTER The new liner, "La France," started on her maiden voyage to New York Fresh detachments left Italy for Tripoli "Why boats put off from the Titanic half- empty because there were no people presenting themselves is a question perhaps more psychological than anything else," writes the London Times very pertinently. 44 But we know that this happened not once but many times, as is shown by the number that the boats took out of the water after the ship went down. Why any man, even a managing director, after working hard to save others, should not at the last enter a depart- ing boat with many places unfilled and no one in sight to fill them is really more than we can under- stand, and more, we sus- pect, than Mr. Ismay's critics would have under- stood had they been in his place." U.S.A.-Sonator Smith Pieced together from the various definite statements of time made by survivors and captains of neighbouring ships. Events of the Week Abroad SUNDAY, APRIL 14, 5 p.m.-Wireless operator informs captain of message telling of huge bergs in vicinity. Message personally acknowledged by captain. 7.10 p.m.-Mr. Bruce Ismay returns notification of icebergs' proximity to the captain. 11.45 p.m.-Titanic struck Iceberg. Three or four accounts dis- tinetly mention this time. Position 41-46 N. 50'14 W. 12 midnight.-Bride, assistant wireless operator, relieves Phillips, chief operator. MONDAY, APRIL 15, 12.15 a.m. Passengers and crew beginning to realise nature of the catastrophe (half-hour after striking). 12.25 a.m. Titanic's quartermaster was at wheel until told by second officer to take charge of a lifeboat. 12.40 a.m.-Virginian received wireless message from Cape Race that Titanic wanted "immediate assistance." 1.20 a.m.-Cape Race wired Virginian that Titanic was putting women and children into boats. 1.57 a.m. -Titanie's wireless messages ceased abruptly according to Cape Race. Assistant wireless operator on Titanic states that Phillips "elung on sending messages until after the last boat but one had been launched." 2.22 a.m.-Titanic sank bow foremost, stern remaining in air "like a great finger." Sank close to where she struck. 3.30 a.m.-Lights of Titanic's boats sighted by Carpathia. 5 a.m.-By this time "ten or twelve boats had been picked up." 6.10 a.m.-Californian wires Virginian that she could see the Carpathia taking on board the rescued passengers from small boats. 9 a.m. Last boatlond rescued by Carpathia (705 persons in all). 10.40 a.m.-The German liner, Frankfurt, arrives on the scene of disaster. 4 p.m.-Four passengers who died from exposure on Carpathia buried at sea. THURSDAY, APRIL 18, 8.37 p.m.-Carpathia arrived at New York with survivors. BRITISH-Lord Mersey THE TWO PRESIDENTS OF THE OFFICIAL INQUIRIES was an "The Titanic English ship. She was owned by an English line." This statement from The Times is not entirely true. The Titanic although it sailed under the British flag was practically an American ship, the White Star line being part of a combine consisting of a group of companies called the International Mercan- tile Marine, of which Mr. Pierpont Morgan is the principal shareholder. Ne ear us was open water," says Mrs. J. J. Brown, the wife of a Denver mine-owner, who was rescued in one of the lifeboats, "but on every side was ice 10 ft. high, and to the right, left, back, and front were icebergs. This was a sea of ice forty miles wide they told me. Imagine some artist able to picture what we from that boat at dawn, that field of ice with the red sun playing on those giant icebergs. It was indeed a wonderful sub- ject. saw GRAPHIC STORIES BY TITANIC SURVIVORS HOW THE NEWS REACHED LONDONERS 67 8 2 Mr. W. T. Stead The well-known writer THE WRECK OF THE "TITANIC": Mr. Christopher Head Former Mayor of Chelses Mr. Bay Manager Grand Trunk Railway ba Mr. and Mrs. Astor SOME NOTED PASSENGERS ON THE ILL-FATED VESSEL On Monday morning the early edi- the evening papers startled London with the brief but dramatic words, "Titanic sinking." The newsboys carried these portentous posters hither and thither, but it was difficult for those whose eyes fell upon the message to realise at once its full import. The vessel ad certainly come near to being involved in a collision as she left Southampton owing to the suction of her hig propellers drawing the New York from her moorings, but after that the short journey to Cher- bourg and on to Queenstown, whence she left on Thursday, had been success- fully accomplished. The vessel sped westward with her 2.143 passengers and her 3,000 mail bags, and the shipping world was awaiting the announcement of a successful voyage when out of the darkness of Sunday night came the brief message that the giant vessel, the largest in the world, had struck an iceberg and was in need of immediate help. This message was received by the Marconi station at Cape Race together with the "S.O.S." danger signal-known as the 44 save our souls" signal by the opera- THE SPHERE Captain Edward J. Smith, R.N.R. Commanded many famous White Star boats in- eluding the Britannic, Germanic, and Majestie. Later he commanded the Baltic and Adriatic, and was then transferred to the Olympic and finally to the Titanic 171 UD Bulkhead Arrangements on the "Titanic" [SUPPLEMENT TO THE SPHERE. APRIL 20, 1912 The Purser of the "Titanic" The Wireless Operator Mr. McElroy Mr. Jack Phillips 100 On the Tragic Sunday Night of April 14. fr. Daniel Marvyn Mr. Bruce Ismay SOME NOTED PASSENGERS ON THE ILL-FATED VESSEL Mrs. Daniel Marvyn A wealthy young American couple Mr. Isidor Straus tors. After then at intervals came con- flicting messages, It was only known with certainty that the disabled liner was in lat. 116 long, 5014 west and that other liners-the Carpathia, Viv- ginion, Parisian, and the sister ship, Olympic-were hurrying to the scene, At first it was understood that all passengers and crew had been saved, but this proved to be incorrect. An official from the Olympic stated that the Carpathia hnd arrived upon the scene of the wreck and found only boats and wreckage. This state- ment disposed of the previous telegrams to the effect that several vessels been alongside the ill-fated ship after her collision with the iceberg. It was felt that some sudden catastrophe must have occurred which prevented the vessel making her way to Halifax, The only passengers rescued appeared to be on board the Carpathio, which was making carefully for New York through the ice field. The number of sived appears to be about 868, This gives the appalling total of 1.275 persons missing, and there is now little hope that any of that number have been saved. ad HOW THE "TITANIC" WAS DIVIDED INTO SIXTEEN TRANSVERSE COMPARTMENTS Hy courtesy of "Engineering" In the construction of the hull of a liner the watertight bulkhead plays an important part indeed. The Titanic had sixteen transverse watertight bulkheads extending from the double bottom to the middle deck, and at its highest point to the upper and saloon decks. There were as few doors as possible, all operated upon the new system installed by Messrs. Harland and Wolft. These doors were clectically controlled from the bridge with a lighted telltale on the bridge. The doors also have a bad device, which according to Board of Trade orders must be installed in every passenger ship APRIL 27, 1912) THE SPHERE "BE BRITISH": The Last Words of the "Titanic's " Captain. "They that go down to the sea in ships, that do business in great waters."-PSALMI CVII. Born in the Year 1853 COMMANDER EDWARD J. SMITH, R.N.R. From a portrait taken in New York. Reproduced by kind permission of Mrs. Smith Nothing is here for tears, nothing to Dispraise or blame; nothing but well wail and fair, Or knock the breast, no weakness, no contempt, And what may quiet us in a death so noble.-Samson Agonistes Died April 15, 1912 69 1 Sitting-room of a Private Suite on the "Titanic" Showing marble fireplace and costly electrical fittings THE SPHERE Volume XLIX. No. 639. THU AN ILLUSTRATED NEWSPAPER FOR THE HOME REGISTERED AT THE GENERAL FOST OFFICE AS A NEWSPAPER The above composite picture is given not as an actual d'ocument night no actual records of the vessel's meeting with the ice are them of course varies very considerably according to the season. London, April 20, 1912. [WITH SUPPLEMENT) With which is incorporated "BLACK & WHITE" Price Sixpence. THE GREATEST WRECK IN THE WORLD'S MARITIME HISTORY-THE LOSS OF THE "TITANIC" but as some realisation of essential factors in the loss of the great White Star liner. Seeing that she sank at 2.20 a.m. on Sunday likely to be forthcoming. The icebergs shown here are reproduced from photographs obtained off Newfoundland. The size of The height of the vessel's bow above water-line would be about 60 ft. The opening shown near the top was a cable socket for a bow hawser, used when entering harbours

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Cunard Collection Card No. 86 The Loss of the Titanic MARINE ART POSTERS © 1993 เป็นการเร RD STEAM. 10 BILTON, HULL, HU11 4HE, ENGLAND. TEL: 0482 .874700 / 815115 davettvollen har hatt COMPANY ZZZ Distributed by Marine Art Posters Cunard Collection Card No. 92 The Loss of the Titanic MARINE ART POSTERS O 1993 (G) BILTON, HULL, HU11 4HE, ENGLAND. TEL: 0482 .874700 / 815115 COMPANY LIMITED 77 Distributed by Marine Art Posters Cunard Collection Card No. 80 The Loss of the Titanic MARINE ART POSTERS O 1993 MAIS CUNNING BILTON, HULL, HU11 4HE, ENGLAND. TEL: 0482 .874700 / 815115 COMPAN ULLAR ARTIS cerccel Distributed by Marine Art Posters Cunard Collection Card No. 103 The Loss of the Titanic MARINE ART POSTERS © 1993 Shikhs STEAM BILTON, HULL, HU11 4HE, ENGLAND. TEL: 0482 .874700 / 815115 Long 777 777777 Distributed by Marine Art Posters Cunard Collection Card No. 100 The Loss of the Titanic MARINE ART POSTERS © 1993 RD STEAM BILTON, HULL, HU11 4HE, ENGLAND. 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TEL: 0482 .874700 / 815115 Janthrallenathan mellan de IP COMPANY Distributed by Marine Art Posters Cunard Collection Card No. 98 The Loss of the Titanic MARINE ART POSTERS 1993 RD STEAM BILTON, HULL, HU11 4HE, ENGLAND. TEL: 0482 .874700 / 815115 101 Vanithathenshishinihin COMPANY 1077 AMITED na Distributed by Marine Art Posters Cunard Collection Card No. 75 The Loss of the Titanic MARINE ART POSTERS © 1993 BILTON, HULL, HU11 4HE, ENGLAND. TEL: 0482 .874700 / 815115 JO1 Janthotankostutt COMPANY LIMITED #77777777 Distributed by Marine Art Posters Cunard Collection Card No. 79 The Loss of the Titanic MARINE ART POSTERS 1993 DANAS D STEAM 10 BILTON, HULL, HU11 4HE, ENGLAND. TEL: 0482 .874700 / 815115 COMPANY LIMITED Distributed by Marine Art Posters Cunard Collection Card No. 85 The Loss of the Titanic MARINE ART POSTERS O 1993 RD STEAM 20 10 BILTON, HULL, HU11 4HE, ENGLAND. 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